THE ROLE OF FEMALE DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE ETHICAL COMMITMENT OF FIRMS’ ON EARNING MANAGEMENT LEVEL IN MALAYSIA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Authors

  • Hanisah Jaapar Multimedia University, 75450 Bukit Beruang Melaka, Malaysia Author
  • Nathasa Mazna Ramli Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Malaysia Author
  • Zuraina Sal Salbila Mohamed Multimedia University, 75450 Bukit Beruang Melaka, Malaysia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/3rpvj978

Keywords:

Female directors, corporate ethical commitment, earnings management, corporate governance, Malaysia

Abstract

The study is focuses on firms’ earning management level which could impair financial information quality and undermine the various stakeholder’s decision making. The aim of this research is to investigate the role of female directors and firms’ corporate ethical commitments disclosure hereafter refer to (CEC) towards the practice of earning management level. The study serves as a preliminary study by using random sample selection of nine public listed firms in Malaysia in the year of 2023. Female director role is measured through percentage of female directors (%FD). As for the firms’ corporate ethical commitment level, the study used Ethical Commitment Assessment Index (ECAI) to measure the firms’ CEC level used by past study established index. The findings offer early evidence on the role of female directors and corporate ethical commitment in influencing earnings management behavior, with implications for corporate governance policies and ethical reporting practices in Malaysia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, S. N., & Ismail, K. N. I. K. (2016). Women directors, family ownership and earnings management in Malaysia. Asian Review of Accounting, 24(4), 525–550. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-07-2015-0067

ABIDIN, A. F. Z., HASHIM, H. A., & ARIFF, A. M. (2020). COMMITMENT TOWARDS ETHICS: A SUSTAINABLE CORPORATE AGENDA BY NON-FINANCIAL COMPANIES IN MALAYSIA. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 15(7), 164–182. https://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2020.10.014

Al-Absy, M. S. M. (2022). Impactful women directors and earnings management. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2148873

Alhossini, M. A., Zalata, A. M., Samaha, S. E., & Hessian, M. (2024). Monitoring female directors and earnings management, does corporate governance matter? Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2396538

Amran, N. A., Abdul Manaf, K. B., & Ishak, R. (2016). Are Malaysian women directors associated with high earnings quality? Advanced Science Letters, 22(5–6), 1348–1351. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2016.6609

Barnett, T., Bass, K., & Brown, G. (1994). Ethical ideology and ethical judgment regarding ethical issues in business. Journal of Business Ethics, 13(6), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00881456

Baskaran, S., Nedunselian, N., Ng, C. H., Mahadi, N., & Abdul Rasid, S. Z. (2020). Earnings management: a strategic adaptation or deliberate manipulation? Journal of Financial Crime, 27(2), 369–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-07-2019-0098

Bennouri, M., Chtioui, T., Nagati, H., & Nekhili, M. (2018). Female board directorship and firm performance: What really matters? Journal of Banking and Finance, 88, 267–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2017.12.010

Buniamin, S., Johari, N. H., Raida, N., & Rahman, A. (2012). Board diversity and discretionary accruals of the top 100 Malaysia corporate governance ( MCG ) index company. 6(29), 8496–8503. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.1052

Choi, T. H., & Pae, J. (2011a). Business Ethics and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from Korea. Journal of Business Ethics, 103(3), 403–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0871-4

Choi, T. H., & Pae, J. (2011b). Business Ethics and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from Korea. Journal of Business Ethics, 103(3), 403–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0871-4

Dechow, P.M., R.G. Sloan & A.P. Sweeney. (1995). Detecting Earnings Management, The Accounting Review, 70,193-225.

De George, R. T. (2000). Business Ethics and the Challenge of the Information Age Author. In Quarterly (Vol. 10, Issue 1). http://www.jstor.org

El Diri, M. (2018). Motives of Earnings Management. In Introduction to Earnings Management (pp. 63–108). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62686-4_4

Elias, R. Z. (2004). The impact of corporate ethical values on perceptions of earnings management. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(1), 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900410509839

Elzahar, H., Zalata, A., & Hassaan, M. (2022). Attributes of female directors and accruals-based earnings management. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2139212

Fatima, K., Javaid, A., & Karamat, M. (2023). Trends in Earning Management (EM) Practices: A Cross Country and Industrial Analysis. Journal of Finance and Accounting Research, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.32350/jfar.51.03

Firdhauz Zainul Abidin, A., Aishah Hashim, H., Salleh, Z., & Devi, S. (2019). Ethical Practice Disclosure of Malaysian Public Listed Companies. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i22.5119

Gull, A. A., Nekhili, M., Nagati, H., & Chtioui, T. (2018). Beyond gender diversity: How specific attributes of female directors affect earnings management. British Accounting Review, 50(3), 255–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2017.09.001

Hashim, H. A., Salleh, Z., & Ariff, A. M. (2013). The Underlying Motives for Earnings Management: Directors’ Perspective. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 296–299. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijtef.2013.v4.304

Kalgo, S. H., Ariffin, B., Noordin, A., Suhaimi, H., & Siti, Z. B. (2015). The Impact of Institutional Investors on Real and Accrual Earnings Management around IPO: Evidence from Malaysian Emerging Market. Capital Markets Review, 23, 65–83.

Mnif, Y., & Cherif, I. (2020). Female board directorship and earnings management. Pacific Accounting Review, 33(1), 114–141. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-04-2020-0049

Nasir, N. A. M., Hashim, H. A., Nawi, N. C., Yusoff, M. N. H., & Aluwi, N. A. M. (2021). Enhancing Financial Reporting Quality through Corporate Ethics Commitment. GATR Accounting and Finance Review, 6(2), 84–94. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2021.6.2(2)

Rachagan, S., & Kuppusamy, K. (2013). Encouraging Whistle Blowing to Improve Corporate Governance? A Malaysian Initiative. Journal of Business Ethics, 115(2), 367–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1402-7

Rahman, M., Moniruzzaman, M., & Sharif, J. (2013). Techniques , Motives and Controls of Earnings Management. International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management, 11(1), 22–34.

Ramadana, M., Pratama, V. T., & Butar-Butar, D. T. M. (2024). Breaking Barriers: Female Directors, Earnings Management, and the Influence of Education and Sustainability Reporting. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, 17(2), 198. https://doi.org/10.30813/jab.v17i2.4983

Rashid, N., Asfthanorhan, A., Johari, R. J., Hamid, N. A., Yazid, A. S., Salleh, F., Abdullah, B., Ismail, A. H., & Rasit, Z. A. (2018). Ethics and Financial Reporting Assurance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i11/5176

Rashidah Abdul Rahman, Saliza Sulaiman, Eiman Saleh Fadel, & Soheil Kazemian. (2016). Earnings Management and Fraudulent Financial Reporting: The Malaysian Story. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 12(2), 91–101. https://doi.org/10.17265/1548-6583/2016.02.003

Salin, A. S. A. P., & Ismail, Z. (2015). Ethics Practices of Malaysian Public Listed Companies – Empirical Evidence. 10th Annual London Business Research Conference, 2007, 1–12.

Schipper, K. (1989). Commentary on earnings management. Accounting Horizons, 3(4), 91-102.

Taufik, M., Suffian, M., Rahman, R. A., Tarmizi, M. A., Omar, N. B., Naomi, P., Akbar, I., Nayasari, I., Taufik, M., Suffian, M., & Rahman, R. A. (2023). Earnings Management : A Study from Bibliometric Analysis Earnings Management : A Study from Bibliometric Analysis. 1(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS

Published

2026-10-29

Conference Proceedings Volume

Section

Economics, Accounting, and Corporate Governance

How to Cite

THE ROLE OF FEMALE DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE ETHICAL COMMITMENT OF FIRMS’ ON EARNING MANAGEMENT LEVEL IN MALAYSIA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. (2026). IBAF E-Proceedings, 12(1), 243-255. https://doi.org/10.33102/3rpvj978