SINERGI KOMPREHENSIF AKIDAH, SYARIAH DAN AKHLAK SEBAGAI PEMANGKIN KERANGKA PERNIAGAAN ISLAM
COMPREHENSIVE SYNERGY OF AQIDAH, SYARIAH AND AKHLAQ AS A CATALYST FOR THE ISLAMIC BUSINESS FRAMEWORK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/7g0pgs12Keywords:
Islam, Kerangka perniagaan, pemikir ekonomi IslamAbstract
Prestasi perniagaan yang kompeten disokong oleh kerangka perniagaan yang komprehensif. Sejarah membuktikan bahawa model perniagaan Islam yang diterapkan oleh Rasulullah SAW dan para sahabat berjaya membawa masyarakat Islam kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pesat. Namun, terdapat jurang antara formula perniagaan Islam tradisional dengan model perniagaan moden yang cenderung kepada pro-perniagaan, kapitalis dan berasaskan keuntungan semata-mata. Perkara ini berlaku kerana prinsip-prinsip ekonomi berlandaskan ulama tidak dijadikan keutamaan, yang akhirnya menyebabkan ekonomi Islam dipinggirkan oleh sejarah. Pemikiran ekonomi tentang perniagaan, sangat menonjol dalam karya-karya sarjana Islam dan telah menyumbang kepada kemajuan ekonomi pada zaman tersebut. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini akan mengenal pasti tentang asas dan elemen utama dalam perniagaan menurut sarjana ekonomi Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan reka bentuk fundamental. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui analisis dokumen dan Perbincangan Kumpulan Berfokus (FGD) yang melibatkan wakil agensi, usahawan dan ahli akademik dalam bidang perniagaan. Data kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan konsep dan teori perniagaan yang dibangunkan adalah berpandukan al-Quran dan al-Sunnah, dengan penekanan agar pelaksanaan aktiviti perniagaan dilakukan secara beretika serta berlandaskan kepada syariat Islam. Kerangka perniagaan berteraskan kepada akidah, syariah dan akhlak yang menjadi pendorong kepada perniagaan untuk mencapai al-Falah (kejayaan).
Competent business performance is supported by a comprehensive business framework. History has proven that the Islamic business model implemented by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his companions successfully led the Muslim community to rapid economic growth. However, there exists a gap between the traditional Islamic business formula and modern business models, which tend to favor pro-business, capitalist, and profit-driven approaches. This gap arises because principles of economics based on Islamic scholars' teachings are not prioritized, resulting in the marginalization of Islamic economics throughout history. Economic thought on business was prominently reflected in the works of Islamic scholars and contributed to economic progress during their era. In this context, this study aims to identify the foundations and key elements of business as outlined by Islamic economic scholars. The study adopts a qualitative approach with a fundamental research design. Data collection was conducted through document analysis and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving representatives from agencies, entrepreneurs, and academics in the field of business. The data were then analyzed using content analysis methods. The findings indicate that the business concepts and theories developed are based on the Quran and Sunnah, emphasizing the ethical conduct of business activities in alignment with Islamic ShariaH principles. The proposed business framework is grounded in creed (Aqidah), Islamic law (Syariah), and ethics (Akhlaq), serving as a driving force for businesses to achieve al-Falah (success).
Downloads
References
Ab Aziz Yusof. (2021). Model Perniagaan Berasaskan Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Menurut Perspektif Maqasid Al-Shariah. Temu bual, 20 Oktober.
Abdullahi, A. I., & Zainol, F. A. (2016). The impact of socio-cultural business environment on entrepreneurial intention: A conceptual approach. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(2), 80-94.
Abdullahi, A. I., & Suleiman, M. S. (2015). Proceedings from ICIC’2015: Impact of religion on entrepreneurial intention of university students in Kano state, Nigeria. Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia.
Abdul Hamid, S., (2019). Akidah dan Keutamaannya dalam Pembangunan Personaliti Usahawan Islam. Jurnal Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah Special Issue(2019), 333-339.
Ahmad Azrin. (2015). Tanggungjawab sosial korporat (CSR) institusi perbankan Islam di Malaysia: Antara realiti dan ideal. In Ahmad Azrin, Suraya Ismail, & Zaharah Salwati (Eds.), Pengurusan Islam dalam pelbagai perspektif (Cetakan 1). Penerbit Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin.
al- ‘Alim, Y. H. (t.th). al-Maqāsid al- ‘Ammah Li al-Sharī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah. Khartoum: Dār al-Sudāniyyah Li al-Kutub.
Arshad, M. N. M. (2019). Komponen Utama Gaji Kehidupan Wajar. TAFHIM: IKIM Journal of Islam and the Contemporary World, 12(2), 99-119.
Azizudin, N. A. A. B. M., Mokhtar, W. K. A. W. (2019). Concept of Wages from Islamic Scholars Perpectives. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(11), 633–639.
Badawi, Z. (1998). The Question of Risk. Islamic Banker, 32, 16-17.
al-Bukhari, Abi ‘Abd Allah bin Isma ‘il bin Ibrahim bin al-Mughirah bin Bardizbah. (t.t). Sahih al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Buyu ‘, Bab Yamhaq Allah al-Riba wa Yarbi al-Sadaqat, vol. 2, 8-9.
Cheumar, M., Hafizah, Z., Nur Atikah, R., Fakhrurazi, S., Yusuf, H. O., & Yusuff, M. S. S. (2022). Kerangka konsep aksioma falsafah etika islam dalam transaksi kewangan islam. International Journal of Contemporary Issues, 2(1), 163-182.
Chesbrough, H. (2006). Open business models: How to thrive in the new innovation landscape. Harvard Business Press.
Dalimunthe, N. (2019). Tinjauan Khiyar terhadap Pertanggungjawaban Penjual Online terhadap Barang yang Cacat. Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundangan-Undangan dan Ekonomi Islam, 11(1), 74-98.
Di Toma, P. and Ghinoi, S. (2021). Overcoming hierarchy in business model innovation: an actor-oriented approach. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(4), 1057-1081.
El-Alfi, E. S. (1968). Production, distribution and exchange Ibn Khaldun’s. Disertasi tesis PHD. University Minnesota.
al-Fairuz-Abadi. (2003). Al-Qamus al-Muhit. Beriut: Muasasah al-Risalah.
F. Shaker, A. (2013). Al-Ghazālī on Intention, Sincerity and and Truthfulness (Kitab al-niyya wa’likhlas wa’l sidq). United Kingdom.
al-Faruqi, I. R. (2000). al-Tawhid: Kesannya Terhadap Pemikiran Dan Kehidupan. Unit Terjemahan Modal Perangsang Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought Malaysia Thinkers Library Sdn. Bhd., 11-12).
Gatautis, R., Vaiciukynaite, E. & Tarute, A. (2019). "Impact of Business Model Innovations on Sme’s Innovativeness and Performance". Baltic Journal of Management, 14(4), 521-539. Https://Doi.Org/10.1108/Bjm-01-2018-0035
al-Ghazali. (T.th). Ihya ‘Ulum al-Addin. Beirut: Dar Da’wah.
Ghazanfar, S. M., & Islahi, A. A. (1990). Economic thought of an Arab scholastic: Abu Hamid Al Ghazali (AH 450–505/AD 1058–1111). History of political economy, 22(2), 381-403.
Ghazanfar, S. M., & Islahi, A. A. (1997). Economic thought of al-Ghazali. Jeddah: Scientific Publisihing Centre King Abdulaziz Univesity.
Ghozali, M. (2015). Keperibadian Islam Dan Profesionalisme Dalam Pekerjaan: Satu Analisis Teoritis: Islamic Personality and Professionalism at Work: A Theoretical Analysis. Jurnal Syariah, 23(2), 255-286.
Halim Tamuri, A. (2007). Islamic Education teachers' perceptions of the teaching of akhlāq in Malaysian secondary schools. Journal of Moral Education, 36(3), 371-386.
Hussin, Z., Siraj, S., Ab Malik, Z. H., Jamil, M. R. M., Sapar, A. A., & Noh, N. M. (2015). Pembangunan akhlak dan moral ke arah masyarakat lestari. Al-Hikmah, 7(2), 72-87.)
Ibn Manzur. (1990). Lisan al-Arab. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
Ibn Khaldun. (2000). Muqaddimah. Terj. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus.
Ibn al-Qayyim, al-Jawziyya. (t.th). I’alam Al-Muwaqqi’in.
Ibrahim, N. A., & Mas’ud, A. (2016). Moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between entrepreneurial skills, environmental factors, and entrepreneurial intention: A PLS approach. Management Science Letters, 6, 225–236.
Ibn Taimiyah. (1976). Al-Hisbah fil Islam. Kairo: Daar al-Sha’b.
JAKIM. 2015. Indeks Syariah Malaysia Model Tadbir Urus Berteraskan Maqasid Syariah. Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia. Diakses daripada https://www.islam.gov.my/images/ePenerbitan/pengenalan_ism.pdf
Jamaludin, J., & Syafrizal, R. (2020). Konsep Dasar Ekonomi Menurut Syariat Islam. MUAMALATUNA, 12(1), 38-72.
Kans, M. (2020). Engineering education development – a business modelling approach. Higher Education Evaluation and Development, 15(1), 53-77. https://doi.org/10.1108/HEED-02-2020-0003
Kanafiah, M. Y. H., Ihazair, M. A. N. Z., Jasmi, K. A., Kanafiah, M. Y. H., Ihazair, Z., Naim, M. A., & Jasmi, K. (2020). Prosiding Seminar Falsafah Sains dan Ketamadunan: Etika Islam untuk Kehidupan yang Gemilang: Trust Model Etika Perniagaan Islam dan Analisis Rangkaian Sosial. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Kebede, A. (2002). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Teaching Sociology, 30(3), 383-385.
Kukkamalla, P.K., Bikfalvi, A. & Arbussa, A. (2020), "The new BMW: business model innovation transforms an automotive leader". Journal of Business Strategy, 42(4), 268-277.
Lebar, O. (2017). Penyelidikan Kualitatif: Pengenalan Kepada Teori dan Metode. Edisi kedua. Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris: Perak.
Malik, A. (t.th). Mudawwanah al-Kubra. Beirut: Dar al-Sadir.
Marcinkowski, B. & Gawin, B. (2021), "Data-driven business model development – insights from the facility management industry". Journal of Facilities Management, 19(2), 129-149. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-08-2020-0051
Markides, C. (1999). All the Right Moves: A Guide to Crafting Breakthrough Strategy. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Misbah, H., & Latif, L. F. (2017). Marketing Mix: Tinjauan Semula Menurut Epistemologi Islam. Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research (JMIFR), 14(1), 87-105.
Mujiburrahman. (2011). Fenomenologi Niat. Kanz Philosophia, 1(2), 215–226.
Muhammad Syukri Salleh. (2021). Model Perniagaan Berasaskan Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Menurut Perspektif Maqasid Al-Shariah. Temu bual, 21 Oktober.
Müller, J. M. (2019). "Business model innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises: Strategies for industry 4.0 providers and users". Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 30(8), 1127-1142. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-01-2018-0008
Nadratun Nafisah, Muhammad Nasri, & Abdullah. (2017). Faktor Motivasi Dan Kejayaan Firma Usahawan: Amalan Agama Sebagai Penyederhana (Motivation and Entrepreneur Firm Success: Religious Practice as Moderator). Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship, 3(5), 28–35.
Nurhayati Abllah dan Farhana Syed Nokman. (2018, 5 Julai). Model ekonomi Islam wajar dipertimbangkan pelaksanaannya. Dimuat turun daripada Http://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional. Diakses pada 20 Januari 2021.
Osterwalder, A. (2004). The business model ontology a proposition in a design science approach. Doctoral dissertation, Université de Lausanne, Faculté des hautes études commerciales.
al-Tariqi, ‘Abd Allah ‘Abd al-Muhsin. (1417H). al-Iqtisad al-Islami Asusun wa Mabadi’ wa Ahdaf. Riyadh: Muassasah al-Jarisi Liltawzi‘.
al-Qaradawi, Y. (1987). al-Iman wa al-Hayah. Cet. 13. Beirut: Mu'assasah al-Risalah, h. 19-20).
Ratten, V., Alamanda, D. T., Ramadani, V., Hashani, M., & Anggadwita, G. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions from an Islamic perspective: a study of Muslim entrepreneurs in Indonesia. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 31(2), 165.
Ridzwan Ahmad. (2021). Model Perniagaan Berasaskan Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Menurut Perspektif Maqasid Al-Shariah. Temu bual, 24 Oktober.
Roy, R., Akhtar, F., & Das, N. (2017). Entrepreneurial intention among science & technology students in India: extending the theory of planned behavior. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13(4), 1013–1041.
Sami Al-Suwailem. (2000). Towards an Objective Measure of Gharar in Exchange, Islamic Economic Studies, 7(1 & 2), Riyadh: Research Center Al -Rajhi Banking & Investment Corp.
Simmons, G., Palmer, M. and Truong, Y. (2013). Inscribing Value on Business Model Innovations: Insights from Industrial Projects Commercializing Disruptive Digital Innovations. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(5), 744-754.
Suhaila, N., & Salmy Edawati, Y. (2019). Ciri-ciri akhlak usahawan Muslim berjaya dan hubungannya dengan cara pengembangan harta serta matlamat hidup menurut perspektif Al-Qur’an. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Law, 4(1), 8-17
Sulong, J., & Asni, F. (2018). Profit-Taking Rate Guideline Based on Fiqh Muamalat Perspective. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(7), 340–348.
Suhendi, H. (2005). Fiqh Muamalah. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Syafe'i, R. (2004). Fiqh Muamalah. Bandung, Pustaka Setia.
Tarmizi, E. (2017). Harta Haram Muamalat Kontemporer. Bogor: PT Berkat Mulia Insani.
Wibowo, B. (2017). Religiosity and Entrepreneurial Intention. Etikonomi, 16(2), 187–206.
Zott, C., & Amit, R. (2013). The business model: A theoretically anchored robust construct for strategic analysis. Strategic organization, 11(4), 403-411.
Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2011). The business model: recent developments and future research. Journal of management, 37(4), 1019-1042.
